Which of the following pests can be managed using IPM practices?

Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is a holistic approach to managing various pests in horticulture, emphasizing the use of a combination of strategies to minimize their impact while being environmentally responsible. The correct choice highlights that IPM can effectively manage a wide range of pest types, including insects, diseases, weeds, and nematodes.

Utilizing IPM allows for the integration of different management techniques such as biological control, cultural practices, mechanical methods, and the judicious use of chemical controls when necessary. This comprehensive approach ensures that all potential pest threats are addressed, rather than focusing on a single category of pests. For instance, an effective IPM program may involve crop rotation to manage nematodes and diseases, the introduction of beneficial insects to control arthropods, and the use of targeted herbicides for weed control.

This multifaceted strategy is essential as many horticultural systems can simultaneously face challenges from various pests, making it critical to have an adaptable management framework that addresses the diverse threats to plant health.