What was a significant factor that led to the need for Integrated Pest Management (IPM)?

The need for Integrated Pest Management (IPM) arose significantly due to the challenges posed by invasive species. Invasive species are organisms that are not native to a specific location and, when introduced, can cause substantial disruption to local ecosystems. These species often outcompete native organisms for resources, introduce new diseases, or disrupt existing native food webs, leading to increased pest pressures on crops and plants.

IPM was developed as a comprehensive approach to manage pests in a way that minimizes economic, health, and environmental risks. The rise of invasive species has highlighted the need for more adaptive, integrated strategies to manage these pests effectively. This approach takes into account various factors, including the biology of the pest, the ecology of the environment, and the socio-economic context of pest management. By focusing on multi-tactic strategies that combine biological, cultural, physical, and chemical tools, IPM addresses the complexities associated with the introduction of invasive species.

In contrast, while climate change, genetic engineering, and organic farming practices are important factors in modern agriculture, they do not directly stem the immediate need for a systematic response to the specific challenges that invasives present in horticultural settings. Thus, the impact of invasive species has been a critical driver in shaping the principles and